Young Turk leadership, 1909

Please read any three of the following:

• Aron Rodrigue, "The Alliance and the Emergence of Zionism in Turkey," from his French Jews, Turkish Jews: The Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Politics of Jewish Schooling in Turkey, 1860-1925. Study guide for Rodrigue.
• Serif Mardin, "The Young Ottomans," from his The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Study guide for Mardin .
• M. Sukru Hanioglu, "The Political Ideas of the Young Turks," from his The Young Turks in Opposition. Study guide for Hanioglu .
• Arthur Goldschmidt, Jr., "The Roots of Arab Bitterness," from his A Concise History of the Middle East. Study guide for Goldschmidt .
• Hugh Seton-Watson, "The Greeks and the 'Great Idea'," from his Nations and States: An Enquiry into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism.
• Fisher/Ochsenwald: 326-339.